[Suicide Junkie]

You have to start with a planet, and a shipyard tech.

Other than that, planetary stuff is optional.

You can block the race from building colony ships and stuff like that, but they always start with just planet(s), so you need the SY to build your first ship.
Of course, you could play the first few turns, building a ship and abandoning the planet, then distribute the savegame as a scenario.